Voorwaardes vir Jakkalsjag in elke Provinsie
Posted: Tue Oct 22, 2019 10:07 am
Voorwaardes vir Jakkalsjag in elke Provinsie kom gereeld op, onderaan is 'n uiteensetting wat van Cape Nature se webtuiste af kom. As iemand nie hiermee saamstem nie neem dit asb met Cape Nature op en nie met my nie!
Interesant volgens Cape Nature is dit onmoontlik dat soveel Jakkalse geskiet word as wat die Landmark Foundation beweer!
https://www.capenature.co.za/care-for-n ... g-animals/
Damage Causing Animals
The management and history of Damage Causing Animals, including black backed jackal and caracal is outlined below
CARACAL AND BLACK BACKED JACKAL CONSERVATION IN THE WESTERN CAPE
ISSUE
FACTS
A SNAPSHOT
1654: Jan Van Riebeeck’s journal for 30 March 1654 (p.221) indicates some of the problems he was having with his small livestock, from the steady losses of sheep on the mainland: “on account of the excessive wetness of the ground caused by the river; many are carried away and devoured every day by leopards, lions and jackal.” *(Skead: 205)“Despite heavy persecution by small stock farmers, over many decades, the species has persisted in most areas. It appears to have recolonised areas where it was exterminated by farmers”*(Skead: 207)
Pre-2009: The conflict between farmers and caracal and black backed jackal continues.The livestock industry is essentially self-regulated. Some farmers target biodiversity in general, stock and biodiversity losses increases.
2009 – 2010: CapeNature initiates its permit system to manage DCAs including black backed jackal and caracal. Our goal is to tighten control in the management of these animals. A three month permit is available to farmers. The permit allowed the night hunting of five jackal and five caracal per night. The methods allowed included: poison, gin trap/ cage trap, public road, night shooting, artificial light, .22 rim fire rifle, semi-automatic weapon, bow and arrow and dogs, for most of this period, but some were systematically phased out.
By 2009 the methods in bold were not allowed: poison, gin trap/ cage trap, public road, night shooting, artificial light, .22 rim fire rifle, semi-automatic weapon, bow and arrow, dogs
2010: Farmers demand drastic measures to control and reduce jackal and caracal numbers, reportedly responsible for unusually high stock losses. Reports to both Minsters of the environment and agriculture results in high-level meetings in an attempt to resolve this matter, and requests from organised agriculture to declare black-backed jackal and caracal as a disaster in the Western Cape Province. This among other would have led to the large-scale hunting of these two species.
The MEC for the environment then decides that the responsible way to address this issue was to scientifically investigate the implementation of sustainable management options which are selective, humane, and legal and ecologically sound as a long-term solution.
A short term solution is to offer farmers the legal and environmentally sustainable option of taking out CapeNature’s hunting permit.
2011: CapeNature changes the time period of the permit from three to six months, to ease the administration burden. Instead of two three month permits, a single six month permit is issued with the same conditions. As before, the renewal of this permit is subject to the submission of a detailed report on the number of stock losses and DCAs hunted during this period.
2012 and beyond: The issue of damage causing animals is extensively engaged through an inclusive and constructive process with key stakeholders such as Agri-Western Cape, the Predator Management Forum as well as environmental NGOs to find sustainable solutions in the management of damage causing animals.
CapeNature initiates an independent literary review to identify existing research long term solutions for the management of damage causing animals. The primary recommendation of the report outlined the need for a unified approach in which all parties will have to yield some ground so that they all may eventually benefit from developing a new holistic strategy. The review can be downloaded from the CapeNature website here: Literature Review of the Ecology and Control of black-backed jackal and caracal (Bothma 2012)
A Wildlife Forum, led by Dr Mark Walton consisting of representatives of registered animal welfare organisations and formal forums representing the interests of the agricultural sector, is established in 2012.
NUMBER OF JACKAL AND CARACAL HUNTED BASED ON PERMITS ISSUED
Western Cape
It is important to bear in mind that before 2009 no permits were required in the Western Cape for the hunting of damage causing animals such as jackal and caracal. The livestock industry was essentially self-regulated. Stock and biodiversity losses increased. Three-month hunting permits were issued by CapeNature since January 2009. This was later changed to a period of six months; however no permit conditions were changed. No permits are issued for the use of helicopters and gin traps or soft traps.
Between January 2009 to 31 May 2011: CapeNature issued a total of 357 DCA three-month permits.
Between July 2011 and December 2012: CapeNature issued 400 six-month permits.
Feedback from the permit holders is as follows:
Caracal – 190
Black-backed jackal – 135
Between 1 January 2013 and 11 November 2013: CapeNature issued 81 permits.
Feedback from the permit holders is as follows:
Caracal – 23
Black-backed jackal – 46
The statistics, therefore, indicate that the extremely high number of animals hunted, as quoted in the media, is unrealistic and totally out of line with what is happening in practice.
Jackal and caracal are both shy and nocturnal animals and are not easy to hunt. A landowner typically does not have the time, knowledge and resources to hunt five animals per night, seven days a week, for 183 days. The number five was given to landowners as a way to show that CapeNature is serious about limiting the number of DCAs that may be hunted per night.
OVERVIEW OF DCA HUNTING IN OTHER PROVINCES OF SOUTH AFRICA
The Western Cape remains the strictest when compared with other provinces in the country.
Eastern Cape – An annual DCA permit (caracal & black-backed jackal) is issued with unlimited species numbers to hunt at night; Upon renewal a register must be submitted stating the species and the numbers hunted during the year. Permits are also issued for the use of a helicopter, but for a shorter period and also for unlimited species numbers.
Free State
Property owner does not require a permit to hunt on his property. If not the property owner an annual DCA permit (caracal & black-backed jackal) is issued with unlimited species numbers. Methods include trap cage, dogs and gin traps.
Gauteng
If the farm has an exemption permit (CoAE) the owner is allowed to hunt DCA’s on his property. If the farm is not exempted, the property owner must apply for a permit. The permit is issued based on the merits of the situation e.g.1 animal for duration 1 month.
Northern Cape
Caracal & black-backed jackal is listed on the hunting notice. Culling operators must apply for a DCA permit valid for 1 year and unlimited species numbers for specific species as listed on the permit. Feedback must be provided annually upon renewal of the permit.
North West – Property owner may hunt caracal, black-backed jackal, porcupine and baboon on his property without a permit. If the property owner makes use of an additional hunter, he only provides written permission to the additional hunter. No permit is issued to an additional hunter.
KZN – For small mammals which include caracal, black-backed jackal, porcupine, etc. they do not issue permits since these species are not listed in their Ordinance. Only herbivores (game species) are listed and they issue permits for crop damage. The animal numbers will vary depending on the damage. They tend to issue more permits for elephant, leopard and crocodile for the use of trapping and shooting. They have not issued permits for the use of helicopters because the farmers do not need a permit to hunt caracal and black-backed jackal. If helicopters are used, they do not know about the practice but that a permit is required for helicopter use.
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK AND ROLE OF CAPENATURE
The management of DCAs is and remains the responsibility of the landowner, CapeNature’s responsibility relates to:
The establishment of a legal framework within which the landowner can protect his stock
Free and expert advice and training regarding holistic methods, etc.
Identifying and stimulating research
In terms of our legislation, Ordinance 19 of 1974, CapeNature has the authority to issue permits to allow the use of certain hunting methods that would otherwise be prohibited in terms of sections 29 and 33.
CapeNature in conjunction with the industry is working on a protocol to manage DCAs. The protocol will be in line with National legislation, the National Norms and Standards. The protocol will be subjected to public comment in order to ensure a process that is open and transparent.
RESEARCH AND WAY FORWARD
In 2011, CapeNature instigated an independent literature review that confirmed that once the social structure of the jackals/caracal is destroyed it results in uncontrolled breeding. This explains why the conflict between farmers and DCAs has been ongoing for close to 400 years. It is for this reason that we are encouraging farmers to target the individual damage-causing animal and not the whole species. The review can be downloaded from the CapeNature website here: Literature Review of the Ecology and Control of black-backed jackal and caracal (Bothma 2012)CapeNature wants to secure biodiversity, but at the same time enable a sustainable red meat industry and food security for the people of the Western Cape.
CapeNature promotes the holistic management of DCAs and will continue to issue permits (with conditions) as a method to control it, because it is the only way farmers will be able to use a prohibited hunting method to mitigate stock losses, legally.
The cooperative agreement for the management of damage-causing animals was accepted by the Predator Management Forum and signed in April 2013 after it had been Gazetted, was open for comment to the public, and recommended for use to the agricultural sector. This cooperative agreement promotes the use of sustainable, holistic management principles and recommends that only the specific damage-causing animal (not the species as a whole) is hunted, only when all other management methods/tools have failed to protect livestock.
*Reference: Skead C J. 2011. Historical incidence of the larger land mammals in the broader Western and Northern Cape.
Interesant volgens Cape Nature is dit onmoontlik dat soveel Jakkalse geskiet word as wat die Landmark Foundation beweer!
https://www.capenature.co.za/care-for-n ... g-animals/
Damage Causing Animals
The management and history of Damage Causing Animals, including black backed jackal and caracal is outlined below
CARACAL AND BLACK BACKED JACKAL CONSERVATION IN THE WESTERN CAPE
ISSUE
FACTS
A SNAPSHOT
1654: Jan Van Riebeeck’s journal for 30 March 1654 (p.221) indicates some of the problems he was having with his small livestock, from the steady losses of sheep on the mainland: “on account of the excessive wetness of the ground caused by the river; many are carried away and devoured every day by leopards, lions and jackal.” *(Skead: 205)“Despite heavy persecution by small stock farmers, over many decades, the species has persisted in most areas. It appears to have recolonised areas where it was exterminated by farmers”*(Skead: 207)
Pre-2009: The conflict between farmers and caracal and black backed jackal continues.The livestock industry is essentially self-regulated. Some farmers target biodiversity in general, stock and biodiversity losses increases.
2009 – 2010: CapeNature initiates its permit system to manage DCAs including black backed jackal and caracal. Our goal is to tighten control in the management of these animals. A three month permit is available to farmers. The permit allowed the night hunting of five jackal and five caracal per night. The methods allowed included: poison, gin trap/ cage trap, public road, night shooting, artificial light, .22 rim fire rifle, semi-automatic weapon, bow and arrow and dogs, for most of this period, but some were systematically phased out.
By 2009 the methods in bold were not allowed: poison, gin trap/ cage trap, public road, night shooting, artificial light, .22 rim fire rifle, semi-automatic weapon, bow and arrow, dogs
2010: Farmers demand drastic measures to control and reduce jackal and caracal numbers, reportedly responsible for unusually high stock losses. Reports to both Minsters of the environment and agriculture results in high-level meetings in an attempt to resolve this matter, and requests from organised agriculture to declare black-backed jackal and caracal as a disaster in the Western Cape Province. This among other would have led to the large-scale hunting of these two species.
The MEC for the environment then decides that the responsible way to address this issue was to scientifically investigate the implementation of sustainable management options which are selective, humane, and legal and ecologically sound as a long-term solution.
A short term solution is to offer farmers the legal and environmentally sustainable option of taking out CapeNature’s hunting permit.
2011: CapeNature changes the time period of the permit from three to six months, to ease the administration burden. Instead of two three month permits, a single six month permit is issued with the same conditions. As before, the renewal of this permit is subject to the submission of a detailed report on the number of stock losses and DCAs hunted during this period.
2012 and beyond: The issue of damage causing animals is extensively engaged through an inclusive and constructive process with key stakeholders such as Agri-Western Cape, the Predator Management Forum as well as environmental NGOs to find sustainable solutions in the management of damage causing animals.
CapeNature initiates an independent literary review to identify existing research long term solutions for the management of damage causing animals. The primary recommendation of the report outlined the need for a unified approach in which all parties will have to yield some ground so that they all may eventually benefit from developing a new holistic strategy. The review can be downloaded from the CapeNature website here: Literature Review of the Ecology and Control of black-backed jackal and caracal (Bothma 2012)
A Wildlife Forum, led by Dr Mark Walton consisting of representatives of registered animal welfare organisations and formal forums representing the interests of the agricultural sector, is established in 2012.
NUMBER OF JACKAL AND CARACAL HUNTED BASED ON PERMITS ISSUED
Western Cape
It is important to bear in mind that before 2009 no permits were required in the Western Cape for the hunting of damage causing animals such as jackal and caracal. The livestock industry was essentially self-regulated. Stock and biodiversity losses increased. Three-month hunting permits were issued by CapeNature since January 2009. This was later changed to a period of six months; however no permit conditions were changed. No permits are issued for the use of helicopters and gin traps or soft traps.
Between January 2009 to 31 May 2011: CapeNature issued a total of 357 DCA three-month permits.
Between July 2011 and December 2012: CapeNature issued 400 six-month permits.
Feedback from the permit holders is as follows:
Caracal – 190
Black-backed jackal – 135
Between 1 January 2013 and 11 November 2013: CapeNature issued 81 permits.
Feedback from the permit holders is as follows:
Caracal – 23
Black-backed jackal – 46
The statistics, therefore, indicate that the extremely high number of animals hunted, as quoted in the media, is unrealistic and totally out of line with what is happening in practice.
Jackal and caracal are both shy and nocturnal animals and are not easy to hunt. A landowner typically does not have the time, knowledge and resources to hunt five animals per night, seven days a week, for 183 days. The number five was given to landowners as a way to show that CapeNature is serious about limiting the number of DCAs that may be hunted per night.
OVERVIEW OF DCA HUNTING IN OTHER PROVINCES OF SOUTH AFRICA
The Western Cape remains the strictest when compared with other provinces in the country.
Eastern Cape – An annual DCA permit (caracal & black-backed jackal) is issued with unlimited species numbers to hunt at night; Upon renewal a register must be submitted stating the species and the numbers hunted during the year. Permits are also issued for the use of a helicopter, but for a shorter period and also for unlimited species numbers.
Free State
Property owner does not require a permit to hunt on his property. If not the property owner an annual DCA permit (caracal & black-backed jackal) is issued with unlimited species numbers. Methods include trap cage, dogs and gin traps.
Gauteng
If the farm has an exemption permit (CoAE) the owner is allowed to hunt DCA’s on his property. If the farm is not exempted, the property owner must apply for a permit. The permit is issued based on the merits of the situation e.g.1 animal for duration 1 month.
Northern Cape
Caracal & black-backed jackal is listed on the hunting notice. Culling operators must apply for a DCA permit valid for 1 year and unlimited species numbers for specific species as listed on the permit. Feedback must be provided annually upon renewal of the permit.
North West – Property owner may hunt caracal, black-backed jackal, porcupine and baboon on his property without a permit. If the property owner makes use of an additional hunter, he only provides written permission to the additional hunter. No permit is issued to an additional hunter.
KZN – For small mammals which include caracal, black-backed jackal, porcupine, etc. they do not issue permits since these species are not listed in their Ordinance. Only herbivores (game species) are listed and they issue permits for crop damage. The animal numbers will vary depending on the damage. They tend to issue more permits for elephant, leopard and crocodile for the use of trapping and shooting. They have not issued permits for the use of helicopters because the farmers do not need a permit to hunt caracal and black-backed jackal. If helicopters are used, they do not know about the practice but that a permit is required for helicopter use.
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK AND ROLE OF CAPENATURE
The management of DCAs is and remains the responsibility of the landowner, CapeNature’s responsibility relates to:
The establishment of a legal framework within which the landowner can protect his stock
Free and expert advice and training regarding holistic methods, etc.
Identifying and stimulating research
In terms of our legislation, Ordinance 19 of 1974, CapeNature has the authority to issue permits to allow the use of certain hunting methods that would otherwise be prohibited in terms of sections 29 and 33.
CapeNature in conjunction with the industry is working on a protocol to manage DCAs. The protocol will be in line with National legislation, the National Norms and Standards. The protocol will be subjected to public comment in order to ensure a process that is open and transparent.
RESEARCH AND WAY FORWARD
In 2011, CapeNature instigated an independent literature review that confirmed that once the social structure of the jackals/caracal is destroyed it results in uncontrolled breeding. This explains why the conflict between farmers and DCAs has been ongoing for close to 400 years. It is for this reason that we are encouraging farmers to target the individual damage-causing animal and not the whole species. The review can be downloaded from the CapeNature website here: Literature Review of the Ecology and Control of black-backed jackal and caracal (Bothma 2012)CapeNature wants to secure biodiversity, but at the same time enable a sustainable red meat industry and food security for the people of the Western Cape.
CapeNature promotes the holistic management of DCAs and will continue to issue permits (with conditions) as a method to control it, because it is the only way farmers will be able to use a prohibited hunting method to mitigate stock losses, legally.
The cooperative agreement for the management of damage-causing animals was accepted by the Predator Management Forum and signed in April 2013 after it had been Gazetted, was open for comment to the public, and recommended for use to the agricultural sector. This cooperative agreement promotes the use of sustainable, holistic management principles and recommends that only the specific damage-causing animal (not the species as a whole) is hunted, only when all other management methods/tools have failed to protect livestock.
*Reference: Skead C J. 2011. Historical incidence of the larger land mammals in the broader Western and Northern Cape.